CHINESE CINDERELLA - ADELINE YEN MAH - NOVEL - YEAR 8 - AUTOBIOGRAPHY - VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY FROM THE NOVEL 'CHINESE CINDERELLA'

Learn how to spell these words. Look up the meaning in the dictionary. Write sentences to learn the meaning of any new words.

Reluctant Gingerly Dialect Solemnly Fragrance Involuntarily Relish Favouritism Procured Akimbo Commotion Consolation Prominent Burrowing Incur Menacing Tentatively Sheaf Participate Revive Aversion Suspiciously Renowned Obedience Momentarily Ravenous Rigid Bewildered Peril Downcast Riveted

Palpable Endurance Pleadingly Defiance Grotesque Desolate Height Irrevocably Curiosity Adversity Towered Sinister Forbidding Adjust Restrain Atrium Protective Fantasise Imposing Emanating Indefinable Suppressed Lustre Opaque Radiance Euphoric Predicament Cringe Resemble Combined Imperiously

THE BOOK THIEF - MARCUS ZUSAK - NOVEL - VOCABULARY

Vocabulary Study Sheet

The Book Thief

Markus Zusak

(cover the right side of the sheet to quiz yourself)

alleviate alleviate the pain to lessen something that is bad -- especially to lessen pain amiable She seemed an ideal candidate--attractive, amiable, intelligent and energetic. friendly and kindly audacious It was an audacious act of piracy. bold and daring (inclined to take risks) -- especially in violating social convention in a manner that could offend others castigate She praises and castigates without hesitation. to criticize severely contempt -- as in: feels contempt towards him Familiarity breeds contempt. lack of respect -- often accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike or disgust daunt a challenge that would daunt a lesser diplomat to discourage or intimidate deride Critics derided her as unprofessional. laugh at or make fun of--while showing a lack of respect deter Tax uncertainty deters investment. try to prevent; or prevent disdain She tries to be polite, but cannot hide her disdain for authority. a lack of respect -- often suggesting distaste and an undeserved sense of superiority or: to reject as not good enough diverse The college wants a diverse student body. varied (different) -- especially with regard to ideas or members of a population group dubious She was dubious about agreeing to come with us. doubtful; or suspicious; or full of uncertainty eccentric The home was built and then abandoned by an eccentricbillionaire. unconventional or strange; or a person with such traits emulate It wasn`t just that she copied her older sister`s hairstyle. She tried to emulate her in every way. imitate (copy) futile a futile effort doomed form the start effort that is pointless because it is unproductive or unsuccessful Hitler -- as in: Adolf Hitler Hitler killed disabled children as his first action of "racial hygiene." He pretended to end the program when the public protested. German Nazi dictator during World War II; murdered millions of Jews and others who were not of the Aryan race (1889-1945) immutable immutable laws of physics not subject or susceptible to change incessant a child`s incessant questions continuous -- often in an annoying way indulgent indulgent parents risk spoiling their children treat with extra kindness or tolerance or: enjoy excessively inevitable It is as inevitable as death and taxes. certain to happen (even if one tried to prevent it) innate She has an innate musical talent that cannot be taught. of a quality: present at birth; or arising from within rather than having been learned or acquired innocuous She made some innocuous comments while being careful not to hurt anyone`s feelings. unlikely to harm or disturb irony -- as in: situational irony the irony of acting like the father he detested when what happens is very different than what might be expected -- especially when amusing or an entertaining coincidence irony -- as in: verbal irony She was being ironic when she said she couldn`t wait to see you again. saying or writing one thing, while meaning the opposite or something else -- usually as humor or sarcasm Judaism Jerusalem is a holy city for Judaism, Christianity and Islam. the oldest of the three major monotheistic religions -- having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud morose She drank alone in the corner, looking morose. unhappy -- often with a withdrawn personality Nazi There are still racists who call themselves Nazis today. a member of the National Socialist German Workers` Party -- typically in reference to the fanatical party during Adolph Hitler`s reign who thought they were superior to all others or more rarely: derogatory term for a person who is fanatical in their belief of superiority and their determination to control others prudent She was promoted to manager because she is so prudent. sensible and careful scrutiny She scrutinized her reflection in the mirror. careful examination of something stoic She suffered quietly, courageously, with a stoic acceptance of her illness. seeming unaffected by pleasure, pain, or emotions trepidation She began her first day at the new school with sometrepidation. fear or anxiety about what will happen

SATIRE - VOCABULARY

LEARN TO SPELL/FIND THE MEANING/USE IN SENTENCES

use these words in your analytical essay


satirical
political
significant
caricature
parody
ironical
technique
literature
constructive
juxtaposition
double entendre
elements
absurd
situations
contemporary
manipulative
fragmented
morality
objective
ridicule
recognise
expose
guise
hypocrisy
exaggeration
criticism
comparison
expression
incorporate
invective
entertainment
portrayal
foregrounded
lampoon
diverse
illustrate
humour
sarcasm
imitation
literary
follies
vices
virtues
shortcomings
society
analogy
allusion
Juvenalian
Horatian
influence
synonymous
espouse
inappropriate

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:

• number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)
• person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
• gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
• case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.

Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:

number	person	gender	personal pronouns
			subject	object
singular	1st	male/female	I	me
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male	he	him
		female	she	her
		neuter	it	it
plural	1st	male/female	we	us
	2nd	male/female	you	you
	3rd	male/female/neuter	they	them

Examples (in each case, the first example shows a subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):

• I like coffee.
• John helped me.
• Do you like coffee?
• John loves you.
• He runs fast.
• Did Ram beat him?
• She is clever.
• Does Mary know her?
• It doesn't work.
• Can the engineer repair it?
• We went home.
• Anthony drove us.
• Do you need a table for three?
• Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
• They played doubles.
• John and Mary beat them.

When we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a few exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some examples:

• This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsatian.
• The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.
• My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.
• Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are several solutions to this:

• If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.
• If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.

We often use it to introduce a remark:

• It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.
• It is important to dress well.
• It's difficult to find a job.
• Is it normal to see them together?
• It didn't take long to walk here.

We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:

• It's raining.
• It will probably be hot tomorrow.
• Is it nine o'clock yet?
• It's 50 kilometres from here to Brisbane.

NOW play the Personal Pronoun TREASURE HUNT game.

THE GREAT GATSBY - F SCOTT FITZGERALD - VOCABULARY

Link to SparkNotes: http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/gatsby/

Keep this list near you when reading!!]

Chapter 1 
1) reserved (p. 1/5): adj. - formal or self-restrained in manner and relationship; avoiding familiarity or
intimacy with others: a quiet, reserved man.
2) privy (p. 1/5): adj. - participating in the knowledge of something private or secret
 (usually fol. by to): Many persons were privy to the plot.
3) feign (p. 1/5): verb – to make believe; pretend
4) levity (p. 1/5): noun - a manner lacking seriousness
5) mar (p. 2/6): verb – to damage, ruin, deface
6) abortive (p. 2/7): adj. - partially or imperfectly developed; vain
7) elation (p. 2/7): noun - a feeling or state of great joy or pride; exultant gladness; high spirits
8) confer (p. 4/8): verb – 1. to bestow upon as a gift, favor, honor; 2. to consult together
9) acute (p. 6/10): adj. – sharp; intense
10) savor (p. 6/10): verb – to taste or smell
11. reproach (p. 6/10): noun – an object of scorn or contempt
12) wistfully/wistful (p. 6/10): adv/adj – full of wishful yearning or longing, often with sadness
13) supercilious (p. 7/11): adj. – having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views
as unworthy; cocky
14) effeminate (p. 7/11): adj. – having traits, tastes or habits traditionally considered feminine
15) pungent (p. 7/12): adj. – sharply affecting the organs of taste or smell
16) buoy (p. 8/12): verb – to float or rise by reason of lightness
17) divan (p. 8/13): noun – sofa or couch, usually without arms or a back
18) compulsion (p. 9/14): noun – a strong, usually irresistible impulse to perform an act, esp. one that is
irrational or contrary to one's will
19) deft (p. 10/15): adj. – quick and skillful
20) retort (p. 10/15): verb – to reply to, usually in a sharp or retaliatory way
21) incredulously/incredulous (p. 10/15): adv/adj – skeptical; disbelieving
22) reciprocal (p. 11/15): adj. – given or felt by each toward the other; mutual
23) contemptuously/contemptuous (p. 11/15): adv/adj – showing or feeling disapproval or disdain toward
something a person considers mean, vile, or worthless; scornful
24) languidly/languid (p. 11/16): adv./adj. – lacking energy or vitality; weak
25) unobtrusively/unobtrusive (p. 12/16): adv./adj. – Not undesirably noticeable or obvious
26) claret (p. 12/17): noun – the red table wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France
27) fervent (p. 13/18): adj. – having or showing great warmth or intensity of spirit, feeling, enthusiasm 28) infinitesimal (p. 13/18): adj. – immeasurably small; less than an assignable quantity
29) vigil (p. 16/20): noun - a devotional watching, or keeping awake, during the customary hours of sleep
30) settee (p. 16/21): noun – a seat for two or more persons, having a back and arms
31) cynical (p. 16/21): adj. – distrusting, criticizing, or mocking the motives of others; pessimistic; glass is
half empty mentality
32) rotogravure (p. 18/23): noun – a print made by a photomechanical process using a copper cylinder
33) corroborate (p. 19/24): verb – to make more certain; confirm
34) libel (p. 19/24): noun - a false publication, as in writing, print, signs, or pictures, that damages a person's
reputation
35) banns (p. 19/24): noun – any public announcement of a proposed marriage
36) intimation/intimate (p. 20/25): noun/verb - an indirect suggestion; a slight suggestion or vague
understanding
Chapter 2
1) grotesque gardens (p. 23/27): adj. - fantastically ugly or absurd; bizarre
2) impenetrable cloud (p. 23/27): adj. - dense; cannot be penetrated, pierced, entered, etc.
3) wild wag (p. 24/27): noun - witty person who likes to make jokes; oculist: n - eye doctor
4) borough of Queens (p. 24/28): noun - district—N.Y. City is divided up into boroughs
5) solemn (p. 24/28): adj. - formal; serious; sober; lacking humor or happiness
6) proprietor (p. 25/29): noun - property owner; business manager
7) anemic (p. 25/29): adj. - weak; lacking power, vigor, vitality; wishy-washy
**the spelling has changed since Fitzgerald’s time
8) facet or gleam of beauty (p. 25/30): noun - aspect, feature
9) perceptible (p. 25/30): adj. - noticeable; recognizable
10)vitality (p. 25/30): noun - liveliness; energy (physical and/or mental); spirit; vigor
11)smoldering (p. 25/30): adj. - burning ** the spelling has changed since Fitzgerald’s time
12) discreet (p. 26/31): adj. - marked by caution, prudence, or modesty and wise self-restraint; subtle
13) defer (p. 26/31): verb - to yield respectfully in judgment or opinion to another [usually followed by
“to”; ex: Because she is an accountant, I defer to my mom on questions regarding my taxes.]
14) muslin (p. 27/31): noun - delicately woven cotton fabric
15) indeterminate (p. 27/31): adj. - indefinite, uncertain; not clear
16) haughty (p. 28/33): adj. - snooty; arrogant
17) countenance (p. 29/33): noun - appearance, especially the face
18) rakish angle (p. 30/34): adj. - Dashingly or sportingly stylish
19) incessant (p. 30/34): adj. - never-ending; ceaseless
20) innumerable pottery (p. 30/34): adj. - countless; very numerous
21) laughed immoderately (p. 30/34): adv. - without restraint; excessive; extreme 22) flat (p. 30/34): noun - apartment
23) wife was shrill (p. 30/34): adj. - high-pitched
24) impressive hauteur/haughty (p. 30/35): noun - pride, arrogance; cockiness adj. – cocky, snobby
25)high mincing shout (p. 31/35): adj. - dainty, elegant
26) disdain (p. 31/35): verb – to despise or scorn; noun – haughty contempt, extreme dislike; scorn
27)shiftless (p. 32/36): adj. - lazy, without ambition
28) flounce (p. 32/36): - to go with impatient or impetuous, exaggerated movements
29) kike/kyke (p. 34/38): noun - offensive slang for a Jewish person
30)strident (p. 35/40): adj. - loud, harsh, grating, or shrill
31) a wave (p. 36/41): noun - women’s hairdo from the 1920s that created waves in the hair
Chapter 3 
1) omnibus (p. 39/43) noun - a bus or long motor vehicle
2) once a fortnight (p. 40/44) noun - fourteen nights--two weeks
3) harlequin design (p. 40/44) adjective - fancy variation in color
4) cordials so long forgotten (p. 40/44) noun - liqueurs or tonics
5) Castile (p. 40/44) proper noun - allusion to former kingdom of Spain
6) permeate (p. 40/44) verb – to fill up, seep into; to saturate
7) innuendo (p. 40/44) noun - an indirect hint or suggestion about a person or thing, especially of an
insulting or an offensive nature
8) spilled with prodigality (p. 40/44) noun - extravagant wastefulness
9 ) moving her hands like Frisco (p. 41/45) noun - allusion to famous pianist Rocky Frisco
10) erroneous (p. 41/45) adjective - incorrect; wrong
11) Gilda Gray (p. 41/45) proper noun - famous actress known for her dance move “the shimmy” seen in
the Follies (a theatrical revue of song and dance)
12) majestic hand (p. 41/46) noun - handwriting
13) eddies (p. 42/46) plural noun - a current moving in the opposite direction of the main current. [Fitz uses
as metaphor – “eddies of people I didn’t know”]
14) denied so vehement/vehemently (p. 42/46) adjective/adverb - strongly passionate or emotion; often
with anger
16) cordial remarks (p. 42/46) adjective - friendly; warm
17) dignified homogeneity (p. 44/49) noun - uniformity; being similar
18) staid nobility (p. 44/49) adjective – 1) serious; straight-laced; 2) permanent; fixed
19) spectroscopic (p. 44/49) adjective - full spectrum of color and light 20) veranda (p. 45/49) noun - a porch or balcony
21) Gothic library (p. 45/49) adjective - literature genre known for gloom, darkness, and the supernatural
22) ascertain (p. 45/50) verb - to determine; to make certain or clear
23) Belasco (p. 45/50) - allusion to fictional sorcerer with a wide knowledge of spells
24) contralto (p. 46/51) noun - lowest female vocal range in opera
25) vacuous (p. 46/51) adjective – empty; lacking ideas or intelligence; stupid
26) florid (p. 48/53) adj. – 1) a healthy reddish color—as in cheeks; 2) elaborately ornate
27) corpulent person (p.48/53) adjective - plump; large or bulky in body
28) echolalia (p. 49/54) noun – immediate, uncontrollable repetition of words spoken by others
29) jauntiness/jaunty about her movements (p. 50/55) noun/adjective - perky; confident; carefree
30) obstetrical conversation (p. 50/55) adjective - relating to childbirth
31) implore (p. 51/55) verb - to beg urgently
32) ineptly/inept (p. 51/55) adverb/adjective - lacking skill; awkward; clumsy
33) vinous sleep (p. 51/56) adjective - relating to wine
34) asunder (p. 51/56) adverb - separated into pieces; apart from each other
35) dissension (p.51/56) noun - disagreement; difference of opinion
36) deplorable/deplorably (p. 51/56) adjective/adverb - causing grief, regret, or disapproval
37) indignant wives (p. 51/56) adjective - angry; annoyed
37) malevolence (p. 52/57) noun - a desire to harm others; evil
38) enjoined me eagerly (p. 53/57) verb – 1) to urge or command with authority; 2) to forbid
39) man in a long duster (p. 53/58) noun - a long coat designed to protect clothing from dust
40) caterwauling horns (p. 55/60) adjective - a howl that sounds like a cat in heat
41) chasms (p. 56/61) noun - deep crack or hole; metaphor comparing NYC streets to a crack or hole
42) subterfuge (p. 58/63) noun - a plan that hides the real purpose; a deceptive scheme
43) insolent smile (p. 58/63) adjective - boldly rude; disrespectful
Chapter 4
1) bootlegger (p. 61/65) noun - someone who sells smuggled goods illegally —in the ‘20s it was alcohol
2) disintegrate (p. 61/65) verb - to decay; decompose; break up
3) knickerbockers (p. 62/66) noun - loose-fitting pants that gathered at or below the knee
4) sporadic (p. 64/68) adj - periodic; random; happening at irregular intervals
5) punctilious (p. 64/68) adj - painstaking; meticulous; strict attention to minute details
6) disconcerting (p. 64/69) adj - confusing; disturbing; causing emotional disturbance 7) slapping himself indecisively/indecisive (p. 64/69) adv./adj - hesitantly; uncertain; unable to make a
decision
8) evasion (p. 65/69) noun - avoiding something unpleasant; escaping
9) retribution (p. 65/69) noun - something justly deserved; taking revenge or correcting a wrong
10) sinister (p. 65/69) adj - evil; bad; wicked
11) rajah (p. 65/70) noun - an Indian king, prince, or chief
12) threadbare (p. 66/70) adj - shabby; thin; worn off
13) incredulity (p. 66/71) noun - inability or unwillingness to believe; skeptical
14) girders (p. 68/73) noun - large beams that support a building
15) anteroom (p. 69/73) noun – an entry room or waiting area
16) somnambulatory/somnambulance (p. 69/74) adj/noun - sleepwalking
17) business gonnegtion (p. 70/75) connection (with a Jewish accent)
18) juxtaposition (p. 71/75) noun - placing two or more things side by side to emphasize the link or contrast
19) succulent (p. 71/75) adj – 1) juicy; 2) rich in desirable qualities
20) roadster (p. 74/79) noun - small, open-topped sports car
21) I had a few beaux myself (p. 75/80) noun - boyfriends
22) effectual/effectually (p. 75/80) adj./adv. - capable of producing a desired effect; adequate
Chapter 5 
1) elongating [usually elongated] (p. 86) adj: extended; lengthened
2) tactless (p. 88) adj: lacking or showing a lack of what is fitting and considerate in dealing with others
3) obliged (p. 88) verb: to place under a debt of gratitude for some benefit, favor, or service. (ex: I'm much
obliged for the ride.)
4) scrutinize (p. 89) verb: to examine in detail with careful or critical attention.
5) harrowed (p. 90) adj: distressed
6) ecstatic (p. 90) adj: of, pertaining to, or characterized by ecstasy; rapturous
7) tonic (p. 90) noun: anything invigorating physically, mentally, or morally
8) defunct (p. 91) adj: no longer in effect or use; not operating or functioning
9) demoniac (p. 92) adj: of, pertaining to, or like a demon; demonic 10) Kant (p. 93) German philosopher who was said to have been in the habit of looking at a steeple when he
was thinking
11)obstinate (p. 93) adj: Stubbornly adhering to an attitude, opinion, or course of action; stubborn
12)vestige (p. 94) noun: a mark, trace, or visible evidence of something that is no longer present or in
existence
13) exultation (p. 94) noun: The act or condition of rejoicing greatly
14) postern (p. 96) noun: a private entrance or any entrance other than the main one
15) jonquil (p. 96) noun: a narcissus; a fragrant, yellow or white flower
16) hawthorn (p. 96) noun: any of numerous plants belonging to the rose family
17)swathe (p. 96) verb: to wrap up closely or fully
18) disheveled (p. 96) adj: hanging loosely or in disorder; unkempt; untidy
19)garnish (p. 97) verb: to provide or supply with something ornamental; to adorn or decorate
20) disarray (p. 97) noun: disorder; confusion
21) corrugated (p. 98) adj: shaped into alternating parallel grooves and ridges; wrinkled
22) pompadour (p. 99) noun: an arrangement of a man's hair in which it is brushed up high from the
forehead
23)scanty (p. 99) adj: lacking in amount, quantity; meager; not adequate
24) nebulous (p. 100) adj: hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused
25) remote (p. 102) adj: far apart; far off; distant
Chapter 6 
1) transpire (p. 97/103) verb: to occur; happen; take place
2) laudable (p. 97/103) adj: deserving praise; praiseworthy; commendable
3) insidious (p. 98/104) adj: attractive or enticing but harmful; intended to entrap
4) meretricious (p. 98/104) adj: alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions
5) ineffable (p. 99/105) adj: Incapable of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable
6) robust (p. 99/105) adj: strong and healthy; hardy; vigorous
7) ramification (p. 99/105) noun: a development or consequence that complicates a situation
8) turgid (p. 99/106) adj: Excessively ornate or complex in style or language
9) repose (p. 100/106) verb: to lie or be at rest, as from work, activity, etc.
10) florid (p. 100/106) adj: reddish; ruddy; rosy
11) debauchee (p. 100/106) noun: a person addicted to excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures; one given
to debauchery. 12)antecedent (p. 101/107) noun: the history, events, characteristics, etc., of one's earlier life
13) ingratiate (p. 101/107) verb: to establish (oneself) in the favor or good graces of others, esp. by
deliberate effort (usually fol. by with)
14)senile (p. 101/107) adj: showing a decline or deterioration of physical strength or mental functioning
15) perturbed (p. 103/110) adj: disturbed greatly; uneasy; anxious
16)septic (p. 106/112) adj: infected
17) lethargic (p. 106/113) adj: drowsy; sluggish; lazy
18) euphemism (p. 107/114) noun: an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is
considered offensive or too harsh (ex: “To pass away” is a euphemism for “to die.”)
19)obtrusive (p. 107/114) adj: Tending to push self-assertively forward; brash
20) menagerie (p. 107/114) noun: a collection of wild or unusual animals, or an unusual and varied group of
people
21) dilatory (p. 108/115) adj: tending to delay or procrastinate; slow; tardy
Chapter 7
1. Trimalchio (p. 113/119)—the lavish host in The Satyricon, a Latin work by Petronius
2. dilatory (p. 113/119)—adj: tending to delay or procrastinate; slow; tardy
3. caravansary (p. 114/120)—noun: any large inn or hotel
4. harrowing (p. 114/120)—adj: extremely disturbing or distressing; grievous
5. commutation (p. 115/121)—noun: the act of commuting, as to and from a place of work
6. affront (p. 115/121)—noun: a personally offensive act or word; deliberate act or display of
disrespect; intentional slight; insult
7. croon (p. 117/123)—verb: to sing or hum in a soft, soothing voice
8. genial(ly) (p. 118/124)—adj/adv: warmly and pleasantly cheerful; cordial
9. refuse [REF-yoos] (p. 118/124)—noun (not the verb): something that is discarded as worthless or
useless; rubbish; trash; garbage
10. boisterous(ly) (p. 121/127)—adj: rough and noisy; noisily jolly or rowdy; unrestrained
11. medium (p. 122/128)—noun: a person through whom the spirits of the dead are alleged to be able to
contact the living
12. alight(ed) (p. 124/130)—verb: to encounter or notice something accidentally
13. inviolate (p. 125/131)—adj: free from violation, injury, desecration, or outrage
14. precipitate(ly) (p. 125/131)—adj: proceeding rapidly or with great haste
15. tumultuous (p. 126/132)—adj: raising a great clatter and commotion; disorderly or noisy 16. intermittent (p. 126/133)—adj: Stopping and starting at intervals
17. portentous (p. 127/134)—adj: of momentous or ominous significance; ominously prophetic
18. vicarious(ly) (p. 131/138)—adj: Felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or
feelings of another
19. octave (p. 131/139)—noun: in music, a series or range of eight notes
20. rancor (p. 132/139)—noun: bitter resentment or ill will; hatred; malice ** the spelling has changed
since Fitzgerald’s time
21. leave in the lurch (p. 134/141)—noun: to leave in an uncomfortable or desperate situation; desert in
time of trouble
22. magnanimous (p. 135/142)—adj: generous in forgiving an insult or injury; free from petty
resentfulness or the need to seek retribution
23. presumptuous (p. 135/142)—adj: Going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward;
impolitely bold
24. inquest (p. 136/143)—noun: an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death
25. expostulation (p. 138/146)—noun: the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest
26. laden (p. 138/146)—adj: burdened; loaded down
27. truculent (p. 140/148)—adj: fierce; cruel; savagely brutal
28. luminosity (p. 142/150)—noun: the quality or condition of radiating or reflecting light
29. rift (p. 144/152)—noun: an opening made by splitting, cleaving, etc.
Chapter 8 
1. indiscernible (p.148/155) adj: impossible to see or understand
2. redolent (p.148/155) adj:1) with a strong, pleasant, or particular scent;
 2) suggestive or reminiscent of something
3. ravenous/ravenously (p.149/156) adj./adverb: extremely hungry or greedy for something
4. unscrupulous/unscrupulously (p.149/156) adj/adv: not restrained by moral or ethical principles;
dishonest; corrupt
5. stratum (p.149/156) noun: a social class or level of society consisting of people or similar cultural,
economic, or educational status
6. whim (p.149/156) noun: a sudden thought, idea, or desire—especially one based on impulse rather
than reason
7. Armistice (p.150/158) proper noun: the truce that ended WWI on Nov. 11, 1918
8. sharper (p.152/159) noun: a skillful cheat, especially in gambling 9. day coach (p.153/160) noun: an ordinary railroad passenger car, as distinguished from a sleeping
car, parlor car, or other deluxe accommodations
10. vestibule (p.153/160) noun: 1) an enclosed area at the entrance of a railroad car; 2) a small room/hall
between an outer door and the main part of the building
11. benediction (p.153/160) noun: 1) an expression or approval of good wishes; 2) a prayer asking for
God’s blessing, usually at the end of a service
12. corroborate (p.153/161) verb: to give or represent evidence of the truth of something; to confirm or
substantiate
13. ecstatic (p.154/162) adj: 1) showing or feeling great pleasure or delight; 2) completely dominated by
an intense emotion
14. cahoots (p.154/162) informal plural noun: questionable collaboration; secret partnership
15. divot (p.155/162) noun: a small lump of grass and earth accidentally dug out of the ground while
playing a sport, especially golf
16. tactful (p.155/162) adj: having or showing concern upsetting or offending people; polite; sensitive
to the feelings of others
17. garrulous (p.156/163) adj: 1) excessively or pointlessly talkative; 2) using too many words
18. lapped (p.156/164) past tense of verb lap:1) to drink a liquid by scooping into the mouth with the
tongue; 2) to flow or splash gently against the surface
19. forlorn (p.159/167) adj: 1) lonely and miserable as though deserted or abandoned; 2) expressing
hopelessness and despair
20. pneumatic (p.161/169) adj: 1) operated by compressed air in a tool or machine; 2) filled with
compressed air; 3) concerning or involving the soul or spirit
21. fortuitous/fortuitously (p.161/169) adj/adv: 1) happening by accident or chance;
2) lucky or fortunate
22. amorphous (p.161/169) adj: without any clear shape, form, or structure; 2) not obviously belonging
to any particular category or type
23. corrugate (p.162/170) verb: to become folded into parallel ridges and channels, or to fold
something—like cardboard—into parallel ridges and channels
24. holocaust (p.162/170) noun: 1) complete mass destruction of any kind; 2) complete consumption by
fire—especially of a large number of human beings or animals; 3) a sacrifice totally consumed
by fire
Chapter 9 
1. adventitious (p. 171/163) – adj: Occurring accidentally or spontaneously
2. racy (p. 171/163) – adj: slightly improper or indelicate
3. pasquinade (p. 171/163) – noun: a satire or lampoon, esp. one posted in a public place
4. deranged (p. 172/164) – adj: driven insane 5. surmise (p. 172/164) – [In the novel surmise is used as a noun, but usually it is used as a verb, so
that is the part of speech we will go with.] Verb: to think or infer without certain or strong
evidence; conjecture; guess
6. superfluous (p. 173/165) – adj: being more than is sufficient or required; excessive
7. addenda (p. 174/166) – (plural of addendum) noun: things to be added; an addition
8. ulster (p. 175/167) – noun: A loose, long overcoat made of heavy, rugged fabric and often belted
9. sparse (p. 175/167) – adj: not thick or dense; thin
10. James J. Hill (p. 176/168) – Railroad tycoon (1838-1916) who lived in St. Paul, Minnesota,
Fitzgerald’s hometown
11. ejaculate (p. 177/169) – verb: to utter suddenly and briefly; exclaim
12. bulbous (p. 179/171) – adj: bulb-shaped; bulging
13. elocution (p. 181/173) – noun: a person's manner of speaking or reading aloud in public
14. El Greco (p. 185/176) - Greek-born Spanish painter of religious works, such as Christ Stripped of
His Garments (1579) and Assumption (1577), characterized by elongated human figures,
contrasting colors, and deep shadows.
15. sullen (p. 185/176) – adj: showing irritation or ill humor by a gloomy silence or reserve
16. lustreless [British spelling; American spelling: lusterless] (p. 185/176) – adj: lacking in brightness,
sparkle, or sheen
17. pander (p. 189/180) – verb: To cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or to exploit their
weaknesses
18. aesthetic (p. 189/180) – adj: Of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste
19. commensurate (p. 189/180) – adj: corresponding in amount, magnitude, or degree; proportionate;
adequate
20. orgastic (p. 189/180) – adj: intense or unrestrained excitement
21. elude (p. 189/180) – verb: to avoid or escape by speed, cleverness, trickery, etc.; to evade

TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD - HARPER LEE - VOCABULARY

Chapter 1 - Vocabulary

ambled: (vb.): to walk at a slow, leisurely pace.
apothecary (n.): an early form of a pharmacist, apothecaries could also prescribe drugs.
assuaged (vb.): to assuage is to lessen or to calm. Therefore, if Jem's fears about being able to play football were assuaged, it means that he no longer feared that he wouldn't be able to play the sport.
beadle (n.): a minor city official, lower in rank than either a sheriff or a policeman, whose main duties revolve around preserving order at various civil functions such as trials and town hall meetings.
brethren (n.): in this case, members of a particular church or sect
corsets (n): a corset is a ladies undergarment designed to produce a particular effect on the figure. That effect usually results in a slim (or slimmer) waist and larger busts and hips, like the woman in this picture.
dictum (n.): in this case, a formal statement of principle
domiciled (vb.): A domicile is a house or a place where a person lives. If you are domiciled somewhere, that is where you live. The Finch family lived in the northern part of the county.
eaves (n.): the lower edges of a roof which usually project beyond the side of a building
foray (n.): When you make a foray, you go somewhere or do something that is unusual or not normal for you. It was certainly not Jem's usual behavior to go near the Radley house; thus, doing so was a foray for him.
human chattels (n.): slaves
impotent (adj.): powerless. Simon's fury and anger regarding the Civil War would certainly have been impotent because there would have been nothing he could have done about it.
impudent (adj.): To be impudent is to be shamelessly bold, as if you don't care what anyone thinks about you. Since the Haverfords did something illegal in front of witnesses, Lee rightfully describes them as impudent.
malevolent (adj.): evil
Methodists (n): members of a branch of a Protestant Christian denomination. Find out more about the United Methodist Church.
picket (n): a pointed or sharpened pole or stake. Many pickets held together can make a picket fence.
piety (n): devotion to religious duties and practices
predilection (n.): a predilection is a preference, or a preferred way of doing something. Thus, the Radley's preferred way of spending a Sunday afternoon was to keep the doors closed and not receive visitors
ramrod (adj.): rigid, severe, straight
repertoire was vapid: (n. + adj.): a repertoire is all the special skills a person has; vapid, in this case, means boring or uninteresting. So, when Scout says that their repertoire was vapid, she means that the games they had invented to pass the time had become old and had lost their interest.
scold (n.): A scold is a person who scolds; that is, someone who often finds fault with people or things (and usually lets you know about it under no uncertain terms)
spittoon (n.): a jarlike container to spit into; usually used to spit tobacco juice into. See a picture of a spittoon.
strictures (n.): conditions or rules
taciturn (adj.): almost always silent. Apparently, Aunt Alexandra's husband was a very quiet man.
unsullied (adj.): something that is unsullied has been basically untouched or unused. The fact that Atticus's edition of the Code of Alabama is unsullied would, in this case, indicate that he seldom consults this book.
veranda (n): a portico or porch with a roof


Chapter 2 - Vocabulary

auburn (adj.): reddish-brown
catawba worms (n.): catawba worms are actually caterpillars that are highly prized by fishermen in the Southern United States.
condescended (vb.): To condescend is to agree to do something that you believe to be beneath your dignity. Jem condescends to take Scout to school, even though, as a fifth-grader, he feels superior to his first-grade sister.
covey (n.): a group
crimson (adj.): blood-red
cunning (adj.): In this case, cunning means attractive or cute -- almost too cute
entailment (n.): a legal situation regarding the use of inherited property.
hookworms (n.): a type of parasite. Hookworms usually enter the body through bare feet and move through the body to the small intestines where they attach themselves with a series of hooks around their mouths. See a picture of a hookworm.
immune (adj.): In this case, to be immune to something means that it has no effect on you. The story Miss Caroline reads to the class has no effect on them; they don't get it.
indigenous (adj.): belonging to a particular region or country
scrip stamps (n.): paper money of small denominations (less than $1.00) issued for temporary emergency use. During the Great Depression, many local and state government gave out scrip stamps, or sometimes tokens, to needy people.
seceded (vb.): To secede is to break away. During the Civil War, Alabama was one of the states that broke away, or seceded from the Union.
smilax (n.): a bright green twinning vine, often used for holiday decorations. See a picture of smilax.
sojourn (n.): a brief visit
subsequent mortification (adj. + n.): Something that is subsequent will follow closely after something else. Mortification is a feeling of shame or the loss of self respect. If Scout had been able to explain things to Miss Caroline, she could have prevented her teacher from losing self respect of feeling shameful later on.
vexations (n.): To vex is to annoy, so a vexation is something that causes annoyance or problems.
wallowing illicitly (vb. + adv.): In this case, to wallow is to indulge in something (usually an activity) with great enjoyment. Illicit, used like this, means unauthorized or improper. After listening to Miss Caroline, Scout feels that, by reading, she has been happily indulging in something which she should not have been doing.



Chapter 3 - Vocabulary

amiable (adj.): friendly
compromise (n.): an agreement where each person agrees to give up something
contemptuous (adj.): To be contemptuous is to have the feeling that someone or something is beneath you; that it or they are worthless. The Ewell boy obviously feels this way about his teacher, Miss Caroline.
contentious (adj.): always ready to argue or fight
cootie (n.): a slang term for a head louse. A louse (plural: lice) is a bloodsucking parasite. See a picture of a head louse.
cracklin bread (n.): a type of cornbread mixed with cracklins (bits of fried pork skin). Want to make some? Here's a recipe for cracklin' bread.
diminutive (adj.): smaller than ordinary
disapprobation (n.): disapproval
discernible (adj.): understandable
dispensation (n.): a release from an obligation or promise. In this case, by offering friendship to Walter and promising that Scout won't fight with him, Jem dispenses her threat to fight with him more.
dose (of) magnesia (n. + n.): A dose is an exact amount of medicine. Magnesia is a medicine used as a laxative and antacid.
eddy (n.): a current of water that moves against the main current; a whirlpool
erratic (adj.): irregular. Calpurnia usually uses good grammar, but when she is angry, her grammar is irregular.
flinty (adj.): Flint is a very hard rock. Something that is flinty is extremely hard and firm.
fractious (adj.): mean or cross
gravely (adv.): seriously
haint (n.): a ghost or spook; someone or something very scary
irked (v.): to be irked is to be annoyed. Scout is annoyed when Jem tells Walter that she won't fight with him (Walter) anymore.
kerosene (n.): a thin oil. Kerosene is sometimes used as a solvent or cleaning agent, although its more common use is for fuel or lighting.
lye soap (n.): Lye is a very strong alkaline substance used for cleaning. Lye soap is very strong, harsh soap that contains lye.
monosyllabic (adj.): Mono means "one." A syllable is word or a part of a word which can be pronounced with a single, uninterrupted sound. The name "Atticus," for example, is made up of three syllables: at + ti + cus. Thus, monosyllabic literally means "one sound." Scout's monosyllabic replies to Atticus's questions about her first day at school might have been made up of one-sound words like "yes" and "no."
mutual concessions (adj. + n.): A concession is an agreement; something that is mutual is done by two or more people. Thus, a mutual concession occurs when two or more people agree on something.
onslaught (n.): a violent attack
persevere (v.): to carry on in spite of difficulties
tranquility (n.): peacefulness; serenity



Chapter 4 - Vocabulary

auspicious (adj.): favorable
melancholy (adj.): sad and gloomy
quelling (of) nausea: (v. + n.): To quell something is to quiet or pacify it. Nausea is the feeling you get when your stomach is upset and you feel as if you're about to vomit. Scout is trying to quell her nausea, or make her stomach settle down.
scuppernongs (n.): a sweet table grape, grown chiefly in the Southern United States. See a picture of scuppernongs.



Chapter 5 - Vocabulary

asinine (adj.): stupid; silly
benevolence (n.): in this case, a generous or thoughtful gift
benign (adj.): kind and gentle
bridgework (n.): Unlike dentures, which replace the upper or lower sets of teeth, bridgework is made up of sections of replacement teeth that can be inserted and removed from one's mouth.
chameleon (adj.) In nature, chameleons are tree-dwelling lizards that have the unusual ability to change the color of their skin in order to blend into their surroundings. By calling Miss Maudie a chameleon lady, Scout points out the fact that her neighbor's appearance was as changeable as one of the lizards. Learn more about chameleons, and see some pictures of chameleons.
cordiality (n.): sincere affection and kindness
edification (n.): education; instruction
gaped (vb.): To gape at someone is to stare at that person with your mouth open. See a rather extreme example of gaping.
inquisitive (adj.): questioning; prying
mimosa (n): Also called a silk tree, a mimosa can be either a tree or a shrub. Look at a picture of a mimosa flower.
morbid (adj.): gruesome; horrible
placidly (adv.): calmly; quietly
Protestant (adj.): Protestant is the name applied to any number of Christian churches, such as Baptist, Methodist, and Lutheran.
pulpit Gospel (adj. + n.): A pulpit is the raised platform or lectern from which a preacher speaks in church. The Gospel refers to the teachings of Jesus Christ, specifically the first four books of the New Testament. Scout says that her faith in what she's heard about the teachings of Christ from the pulpit (preacher) in her own church has been shaken a bit.
quibbling (vb.): a type of arguing where you avoid the main point by bringing up petty details
tacit (adj.) An agreement, or, in this case, a "treaty" that is tacit is one that has been silently agreed upon. Thus, the children know that they can play on Miss Maudie's front lawn even though she never directly told them that it was all right to do so.



Chapter 6 - Vocabulary

collards (n.): a type of cabbage with very coarse leaves. It would be difficult to walk quietly through a patch of collards. See a picture of a collard patch.
dismemberment (n.): To dismember someone is to tear or cut that person's limbs (arms and legs) off. Although it is unlikely that anyone would have actually pulled off Dill's arms and legs, Lee uses the word to point out how outraged Miss Rachel must have been to discover that the children had been playing strip poker.
eerily (adv.): weirdly; mysteriously
ensuing (adj.): Something that ensues is something that comes immediately after something else.
Franklin stove (n.): a cast iron heating stove, invented by Benjamin Franklin. See a picture of a Franklin stove.
kudzu (n.): a quick-growing vine with large leaves, often found in the Southern United States. See a picture of kudzu.
lattice-work (adj.): A lattice is an openwork structure of crossed strips or bars, as in a screen. (See a picture of a lattice screen.) Light that passes through any kind of a lattice -work would produce lattice-work shadows.
malignant (adj.): dangerous; evil
prowess (n.): superior ability or skill
ramshackle (adj.): loose or rickety; about to fall apart
respiration (n.): breathing
rigid (adj.): stiff
waning (adj.): becoming less bright, intense, or strong. The moonlight is waning because it's getting closer to morning, and the moon is changing its position in the sky.



Chapter 7 - Vocabulary

cleaved (vb.): stuck
gnats (n.): small, two-winged insects that can bite or sting. [Pronounced: NAT] See a picture of a gnat.
meditative (adj.): To meditate is to reflect upon something, or think about it. When Jem give the patch on the tree a meditative pat, he does so in a thoughtful manner.
palate (n.): the roof of one's mouth
perpetual embalming (adj. + n.): Something that is perpetual lasts forever. Embalming is the process of preserving a dead body. Think of Egyptian mummies, or unwrap a virtual mummy. As Atticus later says, Jem would do well to get rid of the adjective (perpetual) . The Egyptians invented a type of paper (not toilet paper), as well as embalming (which, by its very nature, is perpetual) .
rendered (her) speechless: (vb. + n.): made her unable to speak
vigil (n.): a watch. Jem is waiting and watching for Mr. Nathan to appear.
whittles (vb.): To whittle is to use a knife to cut away thin shavings of wood. Sometimes, a whittler may actually end up carving a recognizable object.



Chapter 8 - Vocabulary

aberrations (n.): an aberration is a deviation, or a moving away from, something that is normal. The fact that winter comes so quickly in Maycomb is abnormal, thus, an aberration.
azaleas (n.): a colorful and decorative kind of flower. See some pictures of azaleas.
cannas (n.): a beautiful tropical flower. See a pictures of cannas.
caricatures (n.): a representation of a person where certain features of that person are exaggerated or distorted. See a caricature of Elvis Presley
cordial (adj.): warm and friendly
flue (n.): a channel in a chimney that allows smoke and flames to pass to the outside
meteorological (adj.): anything to do with meteorology or weather. Find out about the meteorological conditions in your community.
morphodite (n.): Scout has misheard Miss Maudie, who would actually have said the word hermaphrodite. Technically, a hermaphrodite is an animal or plant that has both female and male reproductive organs. Of course, the children's snowman is not really a hermaphrodite, but it does have both male and female characteristics.
near libel (adj. + n.): When you commit libel, you harm someone's reputation. Atticus tells the children that they have committed a near libel; that is, their snowman is almost libelous because it so closely represents one of their neighbors and could harm that neighbor's reputation.
perpetrated (vb.): carried out; committed
plaited (vb.): braided
procured (vb): got
prophets (n.): A prophet is someone able to predict the future.
quelled (vb.): To quell is to overwhelm something until it is powerless. The tin roof of Miss Maudie's house quelled the flames because tin cannot burn so the fire was eventually stopped.
roomers (n.): persons who rent and live in rooms in a house.
switches (n.): slender twigs or branches
taffeta (n.): a lustrous, stiff fabric, often used for women's dresses, especially formal wear
touchous (adj.) touchy; sensitive
treble (adj.): high
unfathomable (adj.): Something that is unfathomable is something that can not be understood.



Chapter 9 - Vocabulary

ambrosia (n): a desert made up of a mixture of fruits, nuts, and coconut. Get a recipe for ambrosia.
analogous (adj.): similar; comparable
attire (n.): clothing
bawled (vb.) cried out noisily
bluff (n.): the broad, flat front of a cliff
catwalk (n.): a narrow, elevated walkway
changelings (n.): a child secretly put in the place of another
compensation (n.): To compensate means to pay for something or to make up for something. Aunt Alexandra's good cooking skills, in some ways, make up for the fact that, for Scout, spending the holidays with her and Francis is not a lot of fun.
constituted (vb.): made up
crooned (vb.): To croon is to sing in a low, gentle tone.
deportment (n.): behavior
dim (adj.): unclear; not strong
donned (vb): put on
doused (vb.): to douse someone is to pour liquid, in this case water, all over that person.
evasion (n.): To evade is to avoid doing or answering something directly. Uncle Jack's evasion occurs when he doesn't directly answer Scout's question.
fanatical (adj.): A fanatic is a person whose extreme enthusiasm, interest, zeal, etc. goes beyond what is reasonable. Aunt Alexandra isfanatical about Scout's clothes because, according to Scout, her aunt's interest in this subject goes beyond what is reasonable.
gallantly (adv.): politely; in the manner of a gentleman
gastric (adj.): of, in, or near the stomach. A stomach ache would be a gastric complaint.
gravitated (vb.): Gravity is, of course, the force that pulls you to earth and keeps you from floating into outer space. When yougravitate toward something or someone, you find yourself being pulled in the direction of that object or person.
guilelessness (n.): Guile is craftiness and cunning in dealing with other. To be guileless is to have none of that craftiness. Here, Lee is being ironic since its obvious that Simon Finch didn't trust his daughters at all, and planned his house accordingly.
harbored (vb.): to hold in the mind
hookah (n): An oriental tobacco pipe with a flexible tube that draws smoke through a bowl of water. See a picture of a hookah.
impaired (adj.): damaged; weakened
indecision (n.): When you're indecisive, you can't decide what to do. Scout's indecision revolves around whether she should obey Uncle Jack or run away from him.
indicative (adj.): Something that is indicative of something shows or displays something. The manner in which Simon Finch arranged his house showed something about him.
ingenuous (adj.): simple; innocent
innate (adj.): Something that is innate is a natural part of something else. To Scout, cuss words have a natural sort of attraction to them; an innate attractiveness. They have value all on their own for her.
inordinately (adv.): Inordinate means too great or too many. Cousin Ike Finch is too vain about his beard; inordinately vain.
invective (n.): Invectives are abusive terms, curses, insults, and/or cuss words
isolate (vb.): set apart from others
jar (vb.): shake up; disturb
jetty (n): a type of wall built out into water to protect a coastline or restrain currents
mishaps (n.): unlucky or unfortunate accidents
mortify (vb.) humiliate; embarrass
nocturnal (adj.): nightly
obsess (vb.): greatly preoccupy
obstreperous (adj.): noisy and unruly
pantry (n.): a small room or closet off the kitchen where foodstuffs and cooking ingredients are stored
porter (n.): a person who carries luggage, etc., in this case, at a railroad station. Read about the history of the Pullman porter.
provocation (n.): To provoke is to excite some sort of feeling; often anger or irritation. Uncle Jack tells Scout that, as far as cuss words are concerned, he doesn't see the use for them unless they are used when one is very angry or provoked to use them.
ringworm (n.): a contagious skin disease caused by a fungus. See what ringworm looks like.
siblings (n.): brothers and/or sisters
still (n.): an apparatus for making alcoholic liquors. The sort of still to which Scout refers would be an illegal one.
subdued (vb.): Someone who has been subdued has been soothed or softened and made less intense.
tarried (vb.): delayed; waited
tentatively (adv.): To be tentative is to be hesitant or unsure. Francis asks Scout his question tentatively because he is unsure as to her reaction and more than a little afraid to face her.
tongs (n.): a device used to grab or lift objects. Tongs generally have two long arms that are hinged together. See a picture of medical tongs.
trousseau (n.): all the new clothes a bride brings to her marriage
uncompromising lineaments (adj. + n.): Lineaments are distinctive features or characteristics. Uncompromising, in this instance, means unchanging; firm; set. Alexandra's and Francis's uncompromising lineaments are their characteristics that are set and will never change.
wary (adj.): To be wary means to be cautious on your guard against something. In this instance, the children were never afraid of or cautious about their uncle's appearance.
widow's walk (n.): a platform with a rail around it, built onto the roof of a house. See a picture of a house with a widow's walk.
Yankees (n.): Northerners; natives of Northern states. During the Civil War, the Yankees were the enemies of the South.



Chapter 10 - Vocabulary

alist (adj.): tilted to one side
articulate (adj.): able to speak and express oneself
attributes (n.): characteristics; qualities of a person or thing
bout (n.): fight
corncribs (n.): A corncrib is a small structure used to store corn. See a picture of a corncrib.
crook (of his arm) (n.): The crook of your arm is the inside part of your arm where it bends at the elbow.
erratically (adv.): strangely; differently than normal
feeble (adj.): weak; frail
gingerly (adv.): carefully; cautiously
inconspicuous (adj.) To be conspicuous is to attract attention. To be inconspicuous is to do the opposite; to not attract attention. Scout wishes that Atticus would be more inconspicuous; that is, he would attract less attention to himself.
Jew's Harp (n): a small musical instrument that is played by plucking a piece of metal while holding the instrument to one's mouth. See a picture of some Jew's harps.
mad dog (adj. + n.): a dog infected with a disease, such as rabies, which makes it act in a crazy, dangerous manner
mausoleum (n.): Literally, a mausoleum is a large, imposing tomb (a tomb is a place where dead bodies -- those that aren't buried -- are housed). However, Miss Maudie uses the term in its humorous form. She refers to her old house as a mausoleum because, to her, it was too large and too somber. See a picture of a real mausoleum
peril (n.): danger
Providence (n.): the care of God
rudiments (n.): principles; elements; subjects to be learned
tartly (adv.): sharply
torso (n.): the trunk of a body; that is, the part of the body that does not include the head, legs, or arms
vaguely (adv.): to be vague is to be unclear or not precise



Chapter 11 - Vocabulary

apoplectic (adj.): Apoplexy is a condition of sudden paralysis; a stroke. To be apoplectic, in this case, is to behave as if on the verge of having a stroke.
arbor (n): an outdoor area shaded by trees or, in this case, scuppernong vines on a lattice. See a picture of an arbor from an outdoor café in Greece.
bedecked (adj.): adorned; covered (with decorations)
calomel (n.): a laxative; often used as a cure for intestinal worms
camellia (n.): a shrub with glossy evergreen leaves and waxy, rose-like flowers. Find out more about camellias and see a picture of a camellia.
camisole (n.) a woman's sleeveless undergarment, usually worn under a sheer blouse
commence (vb.): begin
decreed (vb): A decree is an official order. As her older brother, Jem decreed what he and Scout would do.
degradation (n.): a state of low honor or moral character
dog-trot hall (adj.): a covered passageway between two parts of a building
escapade (n.): reckless prank
essence (n.): fundamental nature; most important quality
infuriated (vb.): angered greatly
interdict (n.): prohibition; restraint
livid (adj.): pale; lead-colored. Livid can also mean red, as in the color someone's face gets when that person becomes angry.
oppressive (adj.): overbearing; hard to put up with
palliation (n.): to palliate is to lessen the pain, or, in this case, fear and anxiety, of something without actually making the fear and anxiety go away. Calpurnia is not a great source of palliation; that is, she doesn't make the children feel any less anxious or fearful.
passé (adj.): old-fashioned
philippic (n.): a bitter verbal attack
plate (n.): dentures; dental plate
propensities (n.): inclinations or tendencies
reconnaissance (n.): examination
rectitude (n.): uprightness of character
relic (n): something of historic interest that has survived from the past. In this case, Scout is referring to a gun that would have been used in the Civil War.
skulked (vb.): to move or slink about in a sinister manner. The children are skulking in the kitchen because they are fearful of Atticus's reaction when he returns home.
syringe (n.): a device with a rubber bulb on one end and a narrow tube on the other: used to inject or extract fluids from body cavities. See a picture of a syringe.
tirade (n.): a long angry speech
tranquil (adj.): calm
umbrage (n.): offense
undulate (vb.): to move in waves or in a wavy manner
viscous (adj.): sticky


Chapter 12 - Vocabulary
alien (adj.): not natural; strange
appalling (adj.): shocking; horrifying
asafoetida (n.): a strong-smelling (like garlic) substance made from a parsley-like plant; often used in folk medicine to repel illness
austere (adj.): stern and severe
boded (vb.): continued
church (vb.): To church someone is ban that person (usually temporarily) from church for any variety of misdeeds.
clad (vb.): dressed
contemptuously (adv.): To behave or speak contemptuously toward someone is to treat that person as if he or she is unworthy or beneath one's dignity.
contentious (adj.) always ready to argue
denunciation (n.): To denounce is to strongly disapprove of or condemn something. The denunciation of sin in the reverend's sermon indicates his strong disapproval of sin.
diligently (adv.): industriously; in a hard-working manner
dispelled (vb.): driven away
ecclesiastical impedimenta (adj. + n.) items used during a church service
frivolous (adj.): silly; not serious
garish (adj.) showy, very bright or gaudy
habiliments (n.): outfits; clothing
inconsistent (adj.): not in agreement; incompatible
indignantly (adv.): angrily
lilac talcum (adj. + n.): Lilacs are a very fragrant flower (See a picture of lilacs). Talcum, often called talcum powder, is a fine talc, or powder, used for the body or face. Lilac talcum is lilac-scented talcum powder.
rotogravure print (n.): Rotogravure is a process of printing pictures; often photographs of pictures. Since rotogravure prints often appeared in newspapers, it is possible that the print in the church had been taken from a newspaper.
snuff (n.): a preparation of powdered tobacco, usually sniffed through the nose
tapeworm (n.): a parasite that can live in a person's intestines. Find out more about tapeworms and see some pictures of tapeworms.
voile (adj.): a thin, cotton-like fabric


Chapter 13 - Vocabulary
caste system (adj. + n.): class distinctions based on birth, wealth, etc.
curtness (n.): To be curt is to be brief and short to the point of being rude.
devoid (adj.): completely without
flighty (adj.): foolish; irresponsible
incestuous (adj.): Incest is sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry legally. Atticus's comment as to the possibility that the Finches might have an Incestuous streak refers to the fact that so many Finches have married their cousins.
irritable (adj.): easily annoyed
mandrake roots (n.): The roots of the mandrake plant were often thought to have magical powers because it was thought that their shape resembled the human body. The mandrake root appears in many poems, including this "Song" by John Donne.
myopic (adj): Myopia is an abnormal eye condition, often called nearsightedness. Someone who is myopic cannot see objects clearly.
obliquely (adv.): indirectly
prerogative (n.) exclusive right or privilege
shinny (n.) a slang term for liquor; usually whiskey or bourbon. Bourbon is a main ingredient in the recipe for a Lane cake.
sluggish (adj.): lacking energy; lazy
soberly (adv.): seriously
spun (v.): To spin a tale is to tell a story in a creative, fanciful way.
tactful (adj.): To be tactful is to be able to say the right thing to a person without being offensive. Scout realizes that her question about her aunt and uncle was not tactful and may have been offensive or, at least, embarrassing.
tight (adj.): drunk

Chapter 14 - Vocabulary
antagonize (vb.): oppose; make angry
bushel (n.): a unit of dry measure equal to 32 quarts
erosion (n.): a gradual wearing away.
infallible (adj.): never wrong
manacles (n.): handcuffs
neat (adj.): unmixed with anything, such as water or soda; straight
taut (adj.): tightly stretched


Chapter 15 - Vocabulary
acquiescence (n.): agreement without protest
affliction (n.): in this case, a condition
aggregation (n.): group; gathering
begrudge (vb.): To begrudge someone something is to feel resentment or disapproval about the fact that they have something. Atticus says that he doesn't think anyone in the town would resent the fact that he has a client.
ecclesiastical (adj.): church-like
façade (n.): the front of a building; the part facing the street (pronounced: "fah - sawed")
futility (n.): feeling of being ineffective; uselessness, hopelessness
impassive (adj.): showing no emotion
linotype (n.): a typesetting machine used in publishing. Find out more about Linotype machines.
ominous (adj.): threatening; sinister
shinnied up (adj.): drunk
stifle (vb.): hold back; suppress
succinct (adj.): clear and brief
uncouth (adj.): crude, unmannerly
venerable (adj.): impressive on account of age or historic associations
venue (n.): the place where a jury is selected and a case is tried


Chapter 16 - Vocabulary
affirmed (vb.): firmly declared or stated
akimbo (adj.): hands on hips and elbows bent outward. See a picture of a man with his arms akimbo.
circuit solicitor (n.): a lawyer who travels to different locations to prosecute in trials
dispel (vb.): drive away
eccentricities (n.): oddities; unconventionalities
elucidate (vb.): explain
fey (adj.): strange; eccentric
formidable (adj.): impressive
inhabitants (n.): residents
khaki (adj.): a strong, twilled cloth of a dull yellowish-brown color
Mennonites (n.): members of an Anabaptist Christian sect. Mennonites favor plain dress and plain living. Find out more about the Mennonite Church.
profane (adj.): not connected with religion or religious matters
ruddy (adj.): reddish
Scripture (n.): The Bible
subpoena (n.): a written legal order directing a person to appear in court to give testimony
subtle (adj.): not openly obvious; quiet
sundry (adj.): various

Chapter 17 - Vocabulary
acrimonious (adj.): sarcastic; bitter; nasty
affirmative nod (adj. + n.): Affirmative means positive. To give an affirmative nod would be to nod or shake one's head up and down to indicate "yes."
amber (adj.): dark orange yellow
ambidextrous (adj.): able to use both hands with equal ease
amiably (adv.): good-naturedly
audibly (adv.): Anything that is audible is capable of being heard. The judge warns the spectators against making any more comments that can be heard.
bantam cock (n.): a small, aggressive rooster. See a picture of a bantam cock.
benignly (adv.): kindly; gently
boiling (n.): angry or unruly group
capacity (n.): ability
cast (n.): To have a cast in one's eye means that a particular eye tends to veer or turn off into another direction.
complacently (adv.): in a self-satisfied way
congenital (adj.): a congenital condition is one that is in existence at birth. For example, if a child is born with a weak heart, that weakness in congenital; as opposed to someone who may acquire the condition later in life.
contempt charges (adj. + n.) Contempt, in this case, is open disrespect of a court or judge. A person who acts in such a manner may face a contempt charge from a judge.
corroborating evidence (adj. + n.): In legal terms; corroborating evidence is evidence which helps to strengthen a position. For example; eyewitness testimony in regards to a crime would be corroborating evidence that such a crime had been committed.
corrugated (adj.): formed by a series of alternating ridges and grooves
counsel (n.): lawyers
crepey (adj.): Crepe is a thin, crinkled cloth. Mr. Ewell's crepey neck obviously resembles this fabric; that is, the skin is thin and crinkled.
dictum (n.): official pronouncement
dogged (adj.): stubborn determination
economic fluctuations (adj. + n.): Economics, in this case, has to do with the economy; the financial state of the country and its people. To fluctuate means to change. As far as the Ewells are concerned, no matter how the economy of the country might change, their situation was always the same. They were always poor.
edge (n.): sharpness
gardenia (n.): a large, fragrant flower. See a picture of gardenias.
genially (adv.): in a friendly manner
geraniums (n.): flowering plants. See a picture of geraniums.
gullet (n.): throat; neck
heaved (vb.): lifted
import (n.): importance
infinite (adj.): endless
irrelevant'n'immaterial (adj.): "irrelevant and immaterial" Irrelevant means not relative; not related (to something). Immaterial means unimportant. The judge is saying that whether or not Mr. Ewell can read and write is not related and unimportant to the case.
load o'kindlin' (n.): "load of kindling." Kindling is generally made up of dry twigs, branches, etc.; materials useful for starting a fire
namesake (n.): the person one is named after. In this case, Mr. Ewell's namesake is the leader of the Confederate Army, Robert E. Lee.
prosperity (n.): good fortune; wealth
quelling (vb.): quieting; calming
refuse (n.): garbage
ruttin' on (vb.): In this instance, the term is used to indicate that, according to Mr. Ewell, Tom Robinson was having sexual intercourse with his daughter. It should be noted that this term is almost exclusively reserved for use in describing the mating habits of animals, not people.
skewed (adj.): turned
slop jars (n.): large pails usually used to receive waste water from a wash basin or the contents of a chamber pot
smugness (n.): To be smug is to be highly self-satisfied; to think a lot of oneself. Mr. Ewell's smugness, or appearance of self-satisfaction, shows on his face.
speculations (n.): To speculate is to think about or reflect on a subject. Speculations are thoughts or reflections.
sulky (adj.): moody and quiet
sullen (adj.): in this case, gloomy and threatening
supplemented (vb.): added to
tenet (n.) a principle or belief generally held to be true
title dispute (n.): a legal fight over the ownership of a particular piece of property
turbulent (adj.): stormy; unruly
varmints (n.): in this case, flies and other flying insects that would be found in and around a garbage dump
warranted (vb.): gave a reason for; indicated the need for

Chapter 18 - Vocabulary
arid (adj.): dry; without expression
chiffarobe (n.): a large cabinet with drawers and a place for hanging clothes. See a picture of a chiffarobe.
constructionalist (n.): a person who interprets aspects of the law in a specified way
dusk (n.): the time just before nightfall
ground-itch (n.): Ground-itch is caused by hookworms. The parasites usually enter the body through bare feet, causing an itchy, allergic reaction.
grudging (adj.): hostile
lavations (n.): washings
mollified (adj.): soothed; calmed
neutrality (n.): the condition of being neutral; not taking part in either side of a controversy.
perpetual (adj.): everlasting; continuous
pilgrimage (n.): in this instance, a long walk
riled (adj.): angry
strenuous (adj.): work or labor that is strenuous requires a lot of energy and stamina.
tedious (adj.): boring; tiresome
tollable (adj.): Mayella's way of pronouncing the word "tolerable." Someone who is tolerable is a person who is fairly good or passable; someone who can be tolerated or endured.
wrathfully (adv.): angrily


Chapter 19 - Vocabulary
candid (adj.): open and honest
ex cathdra remarks (adj. + n.): remarks made with the authority that comes from one's official position
express (adj.): clear; explicit; not just implied
expunge (vb.): remove completely
grimly (adv.): sternly; without humor
impudent (adj.): disrespectful; bold; sassy
subtlety (n.): delicacy
thin-hided (adj.): thin-skinned; sensitive
unimpaired (adj.): unhurt; undamaged
volition (n.): will. Scout is saying that someone like Tom would never go into somebody's yard on his own or unless he had been invited to do so, and would never do so of his own will or volition.

Chapter 20 - Vocabulary
aridity (n.): dryness
attentive (adj.): paying attention; observant
caliber (n.): quality
capital charge (adj. + n.): a charge for a crime that is punishable by death
corroborative evidence (adj. + n.): To corroborate is to strengthen and support. Corroborative evidence, in a trial, is evidence that makes a case stronger. Atticus is telling the jury that there is no evidence to strengthen the case against Tom.
corrupting (vb.): To corrupt someone is to bring that person down to a lower moral level. Since it at first appears that Mr. Raymond has given Dill liquor to drink, it would seem that he is corrupting him.
cynical confidence (adj.): To be cynical, in this case, means to believe that people are only motivated in what they do out of selfishness; that no one truly behaves or does something out of sincerity. Atticus's mention of the witnesses's cynical confidence refers to the fact that they are selfish and self-centered enough to think that everyone will believe their story.
detachment (n.): the state of being disinterested or unemotional
discreet (adj.): carefully phrased; cautious
fraud (n.): a lie; a deception
indicted (vb.): formally accused; charged
iota (n.): a very small amount
minute (adj.): exact; precise (pronounced: my - NEWT)
pauper (n.): an extremely poor person
perpetrated (vb.): committed
temerity (n.): foolish or rash boldness
unmitigated (adj.): out-and-out absolute


Chapter 21 - Vocabulary
acquit (vb.): clear of a charge; find not guilty
charged the jury (vb. + n.): When Judge Taylor charges the jury, he gives them instructions in law before they go off to deliberate or decide the case
exhilarated (adj.): cheerful, merry
indignant (adj.): angry


Chapter 22 - Vocabulary
cynical (adj.): a cynic is someone who often belittles or makes fun of someone else. Aunt Alexandra tells Dill that his remarks about his own Aunt's drinking habits are cynical, especially since, as a child, Dill should have more respect for his elders.
fatalistic (adj.): To be fatalistic about something is to accept the event as though it were inevitable; that is, that nothing could be done to change or alter it.
feral (adj.): wild; savage
heathen (adj.): unenlightened; without religion or morals
ruefully (adv.): regretfully

Chapter 23 - Vocabulary
commutes (vb.): changes; makes less severe
dry (adj.): clever but subtle
furtive (adj.): sneaky
infantile (adj.): childish
statute (n.): law
vehement (adj.): full of emotion and strong feeling
wary (adj.): cautious
wryly (adv.): humorously; slightly sarcastic


Chapter 24 - Vocabulary
apprehension (n.): In this case, fear
bellows (n.): a machine that allows air to be pumped through a system; in this case, an organ
bovine (adj.): cow-like
brevity (n.): shortness
charlotte (n.): a desert made with fruit in a mold that is lined with pieces of bread or cake. Read a recipe for charlotte.
devout (adj.): devoted to religion
earworms (n.): See a picture of an earworm.
hypocrites (n.): people who pretend to be something they are not
impertinence (n.): disrespect
largo (adj.): Largo is a direction used in music which means "at a very slow tempo." Mrs. Merriweather is apparently speaking to Scout very slowly.
squalid (adj.): miserable; wretched
squalor (n): filth
sulky (adj.): moody
vague (adj.): not clearly felt; somewhat subconscious
yaws (n.): an infectious contagious tropical disease. Find out more about yaws.


Chapter 25 - Vocabulary
roly-poly (n.): a small bug that can roll itself into a ball. Also known as a pillbug, sowbug or wood louse. See a picture of a roly-poly.
scowling (vb.): A scowl is a facial expression caused by scrunching up one's forehead and brow; a look of displeasure. See a young man scowling.
veneer (n.): attractive outer surface

Chapter 26 - Vocabulary
remorse (n.): a feeling of regret and guilt
recluse (n.): someone who stays away from society and the company of others
spurious (adj.): Something that is spurious outwardly resembles something but does not have the genuine qualities of that thing. Miss Gates thinks that The Grit Paper is spurious because, although it resembles a newspaper, to her mind, it is far inferior to a publication like The Mobile Register or other newspapers.



Chapter 27 - Vocabulary
industry (n.): work, especially on a steady basis
notoriety (n.): fame
florid (adj.): very flowery in style; elegant
nondescript (adj.): dull; with no special or interesting qualities
carcass (n.): body
eccentricities (n.): odd behavior
maiden ladies (adj. + n.): women who have never married



Chapter 28 - Vocabulary
boil-prone (adj.): A boil is an inflamed, pus-filled swelling on the skin, like a pimple only usually bigger. To be prone to something is to be inclined to it. If the children had been boil-prone, they would have been inclined to have a lot of boils. Find out more about boilsand see a picture of one.
climbers (n.): social climbers; people trying to move into a different social class
crap games (n.): a gambling game played with two dice
divinity (n.): a white fudge made from whipped egg whites, sugar, and nuts. Read a recipe for divinity.
forest primeval (n. + adj.): in this instance, a forest that had been primarily untouched or unchanged by man
furtive (adj.): secret
gait (n.): pace, walk
hock (n.): the joint bending backward in the hind leg of an animal like a pig. Scout is dressed as a ham, and a ham is the upper part of a hog's hind leg, Scout's hock would be the part of her costume that resembles the joint of a pig's leg. Take a look at a bunch of hams hanging by their hocks.
irascible (adj.): angry
mocker (n.): mockingbird
pinioned (adj.): confined; held down
repertoire (n.): accomplishments; skills. The repertoire of the mockingbird is all the songs it can sing and sounds it can make.
rout (vb.): defeat
smockin' (n.): Smocking, decorative stitching used to gather cloth. See a picture of a dress with smocking.
staccato (adj.): distinct; sharp and crisp

Chapter 29 - Vocabulary
reprimand (vb.): scold


Chapter 30 - Vocabulary
blandly (adv.): smoothly; without excitement
connived (vb.): secretly cooperated or agreed to
wisteria (n.): twinning woody vines with large clusters of flowers. See a picture of wisteria.


Chapter 31
railing (adj.): painful


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